Effectiveness of Nutrition Education Based on Theory of Planned Behavior Towards Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices Reduction in Intake of Sugar, Salt, Fat in Elderly Hypertension Women

Elderly people suffering from hypertension in the city of Surabaya, especially in the Kalijudan and Jambangan areas, are dominated by women. One of the risk factors for hypertension is excessive intake of sugar, salt, and fat. Nutrition education based on Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) focuses on knowledge, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavior control (PBC), behavioral intentions, and predicting health behavior in this case overcoming hypertension. The aim of this research was to analyze TPB-based nutrition education on knowledge, attitudes, and practices for reducing sugar, salt, and fat in elderly hypertensive women. This research was quasi experimental using pretest and posttest control group design. The research sample was 36 elderly hypertensive women who were selected by purposive sampling. Data collection was carried out by a questionnaire and food consumption with food record and visual Comstock. Blood pressure measurements were carried out using a sphygmomanometer. Data analysis uses the Independent t-test or Mann-Whitney test. The results showed that there were significant differences in fat intake, but there were no significant differences in knowledge, attitudes, subjective norms, PBC, intentions, sugar and salt intake, systolic-diastolic blood pressure between the treatment and the control group after TPB-based nutrition education. The conclusion of this research is that TPB-based nutrition education can increase the average TPB construct score and fat intake, but is not effective in influencing other variables. Therefore, ongoing evaluation of food provisions in nursing homes is needed so that recipes and portions comply with recommendations for sugar, salt and fat for the elderly.