3 - Urban Shrinkage in Korea: A Comprehensive Analysis

The global attention garnered by the phenomenon of urban shrinkage underscores its relevance and significance in contemporary urban discourse. While this discourse has long been centered in the European context, it has gained prominence in Asia as well, particularly in the face of declining populations. Korea is no exception to this trend, as it grapples with urban shrinkage manifesting within its own distinctive sociodemographic and spatial context. This phenomenon is characterized by population migration toward Seoul and its metropolitan area, driven by the pursuit of educational and economic prospects, resulting in heightened housing demand and prices within major cities. Concurrently, non-metropolitan areas are confronted with population decline, exacerbated by diminishing birth rates and an aging demographic structure.

This paper conducts an in-depth examination of the contemporary urban shrinkage situation in Korea, utilizing recent empirical data as its foundation. It scrutinizes the array of policy initiatives that have been proposed and implemented across various spatial scales, with a particular focus on regions that are at risk of local extinction due to their experience of urban shrinkage. The study also explores the potential of urban shrinkage as a means to stimulate population growth within these regions. In addition to addressing challenges related to industrial restructuring and infrastructure provision, a novel spatial strategy is suggested, one that incorporates considerations of population density as a fundamental aspect of revitalization efforts.