3 - Waria Engagement in Local Development: A Political Perspective

Presentation Abstract
The role of 'waria' within Indonesia's historical tapestry is both significant and longstanding, spanning across the vast reaches of the archipelago, including its remote villages. Despite their tangible contributions to local community development, the acceptance of waria often finds itself juxtaposed against the larger canvas of religious beliefs and national identity. Interestingly, the evolution of their societal position can be traced alongside the emergence of the "LGBT" terminology in the democratic political narrative. This portrayal aligns the waria as antithetical to religious and nationalistic values, a stance reinforced by the New Order's sexual morality standards and an overarching heteronormative lens, deeply rooted in religious ideologies. Focusing on eastern Indonesia, particularly Gorontalo and Maumere, this study delves into the shifting paradigms surrounding the waria community. Relying on exhaustive fieldwork in these regions, the research adopts a multifaceted approach, encompassing in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and observational studies. These methodologies engage not just the waria, but also their families, acquaintances, neighbours, and religious leaders, painting a comprehensive picture from the New Order era to the Reformasi regime. Intriguingly, the findings from the two regions present contrasting scenarios, underscoring the profound influence of the socio-political and religious milieu.