1 - Grassroot activist vs movement leader: Labour activism among migrant domestic workers in Hong Kong

As one of the migrant worker destinations in Asia, Hong Kong has witnessed the most organized migrant domestic worker movement and the biggest number of migrant worker organizations in the region. This paper explores the ups and downs of migrant domestic worker movement in the past four decades and how migrant activism has waxed and waned alongside the leaving of some migrant activists. While some organizations dissolved due to internal conflicts, other groups emerged as interest-based or hometown-based mini-organizations, forming a fertile ground for labour mobilization. The paper employs a protagonist approach to collect different narratives of the development of migrant labour movement and provides an analysis of its strengths and weaknesses from the perspectives of grassroot activists. The paper seeks to shed new light on labour movement studies by examining voices rarely studied.